Expansion-Time Equivalence Theory (ETET) proposes that time is not an independent dimension but arises directly from the expansion of the universe. According to this theory, what we perceive as time is actually the manifestation of spatial changes driven by cosmological expansion. In the scenario where expansion stops and the universe contracts (Big Crunch), time persists but remains directionless and isotropic, lacking any inherent directional attribute.
¶ Fundamental Principles
Expansion-Driven Time:
Time emerges exclusively from spatial expansion. Each incremental change in the universe's spatial scale manifests as temporal perception.
Observations such as cosmological redshift provide evidence supporting this principle.
Intrinsic Directionlessness:
Time itself inherently possesses no direction. The perceived arrow of time linked with entropy and causality arises solely from the dynamics of spatial expansion.
In scenarios of halted or reversed expansion, the illusory directional perception dissolves entirely, revealing the true directionless nature of time.
Collapse and Symmetry:
A contracting universe, reflecting the earlier expansion, retains no temporal directionality. Time only virtually exists as a symmetrical and isotropic dimension.
¶ Possible Implications
Cosmological Observations: Regions with varying expansion rates may experience time differently.
Thermodynamics and Entropy: Entropy would reach a symmetric, reversible state during contraction, challenging standard thermodynamics.
Quantum Physics and Gravity: This theory provides new perspectives on quantum gravity, potentially addressing conflicts in current physical theories.
¶ Source
Deducted from Quran by editor of this article. (ChatGPT is writer I happen to be instructor and editor.)